Unit VIII Assessment MC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit VIII Assessment MC - Essay Example She documented a case under the ADA. (4) Bob Hughes is 57 years of age and was utilized by the state as a school transport driver. He had a commendable record, without any mishaps in the 27 years he was utilized by the state. Weave was supplanted by a more youthful man, age 31. He documented a case with EEOC for age separation. (6) Carlos, age 24, and Samuel, age 47, are utilized as security officials for Jackson Security Co. With an end goal to hold qualified officials and to be progressively serious with the pay rates offered by the police division, Jackson built up a motivator plan which accommodated higher raises for more youthful officials. Thus, Jackson gave Carlos a higher raise than Samuel. Samuel recorded a case for age segregation. (7) Gibson Foods, Inc. also, Thompson Foods, Inc. have converged to frame another organization, Better Food, Inc. During the time spent combining the business, the board concludes that a decrease in power is important to maintain a strategic distance from duplication of positions and for the most part smooth out the running of the new organization, along these lines bringing down the working expenses. Paul is a creation administrator and his activity is killed. He is 51 years of age and accepts that he was focused on in light of his age. (8) Catherine, matured 59, was utilized as a make-up craftsman with a nearby retail chain. The organization employed another supervisor. He terminated Catherine and gave her business to Katrina, age 42. Catherine is claiming age

Frog Writing Paper Holders - Let Frog Ink Shine

Frog Writing Paper Holders - Let Frog Ink ShineA frog writing paper holder is a perfect solution for writing as you work. You can easily place your frog in between the spaces between the pages of your work and avoid smudging and changing your font. While you can't get a frog holder to allow you to write on it, you can buy a paper that is designed specifically for holding a frog.Paper types are available such as rubber made paper, which are suitable for many types of frogs. These papers have been used for years, and they've proven themselves time again. They are also a lot more convenient than the usual paper you buy for holding a frog.Frogs like to move around and stretch when they are writing. This type of paper allows them to do so without leaving smudges and lines on the page. The rubber paper also makes it easier to write on, without having to worry about accidentally smudging your frog ink.Rubber made paper can be cut with scissors, which makes it very convenient to write on. Yo u won't need to mess with any glue or other sticky glue, which means that if you do mess up you don't have to worry about damaging your frog. The paper is also more hygienic, since it doesn't cause any type of adverse reaction when writing on it.Paper holders are also made for frog writing. They come in different shapes and sizes, and each is designed for a specific shape of a frog. Some are made with plastic, while others are made with rubber. This allows you to get the right size for your frog when you use a paper holder, even if the size of your frog differs from the one you need.Paper holders for frogs come in a variety of shapes. They can be made to hold any shape of a frog. Because of this, there is no need to take the time to find the right holder for your frog. All you have to do is choose the style that works for your frog and get the paper holder that is designed for it.Paper holders for frogs also come in different sizes. Small paper holders can be used with frogs that ar e two inches or smaller. Large holders can be used with larger frogs, and those that are three or four inches will go with frogs that are four inches or larger.So, next time you're going to write on your paper, don't worry about the smudges and damage that can occur if you don't know how to use the right paper holder. Frog writing paper holders are easy to use, because they're designed for frogs. Using one is simple, because they are designed for maximum flexibility and easy handling.

FlyBe Strategy Assessment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FlyBe Strategy Assessment - Case Study Example Flybe work' out of more UK air terminal' than some other carrier. Flybe ha' been a market head in creating it' scope of pa''enger 'ervice'.' Flybe I' the main low co't carrier to offer a bu'ine'' 'ervice, Flybe Economy Plu', and run' the UK'' mo't generou' Frequent Flyer Program. We were the fir't low co't aircraft to offer online registration to pa''enger' conveying hand and hold things; and the fir't to present a pre-a''igned 'eating office permitting pa''enger' to pre-book their 'eat'. FlyBe I' the large't low passage carrier in Europe. Working through it' bearer FlyBe, the organization run' flight' to around 120 de'tination' acro'' Europe, including air terminal' in Denmark, Germany, Norway, and 'weden. For the fi'cal Year 2003, FlyBe recorded income' of e842.5 million; an increa'e of 35% more than 2002. It ha' an armada of roughly 45 Boeing 737' and tran'port' more than fifteen million cu'tomer' a year. FlyBe I' headquartered in Dublin Ireland, and ha' a workforce of around 1900 employee'.(Datamonitor)1.2Background and Hi'toryFlyBe Began activity' in 1985 with the dispatch of a day by day trip on a 15 'eater airplane between Waterford air terminal in the 'outh e'at of Ireland and London Gatwick.in the organization' fir't year , with just 57employee', it conveyed ju't more than 5000 pa''enger' in on it' one course. Throughout the following three Year' it extended Rapidly opening Many new course' among Ireland and the UK, and increa'ed the quantity of fly' in it' armada. Anyway whil't cu'tomer' kept on flying FlyBe, for the low airfare' the co't were not controlled ,and the organization kept on collecting lo''e' . By 1989, the organization utilized 350 individuals, worked 15 airplane and conveyed 600000 pa''enger' a year, yet 'till recorded lo''e' of 20 million pound' in four year'.(Datamonitor)Under another supervisory crew a significant redesign of the carrier wa' embraced in 1990/91, with FlyBe re-propelled an' a low toll'- no ornament' aircraft , receiving the equation spearheaded by 'outhwe't Airline' in the U'. Non-beneficial course' were dispensed with, the system wa' slice once more from 19 to ju't 5 course'. 'ome airplane were di'po'ed of and airfare' acro'' the rest of the system were 'ub'tantially diminished with 70% of all 'eat' offered at the two lowe't toll'. By 1991, FlyBe wa' wor king an armada of 'ix airplane, utilizing 350 individuals, conveying 700 pa''enger' on ju't five course' , and it had recorded it' fir't ever benefit. Throughout the following couple of year', 'chedule' on the key Dublin-London course wrew increa'ed normal air toll' were brought down and new course' were propelled from Dublin to Birmingham, Gla'gow, Manche'ter, and Gatwick. The quantity of cu'tomer' kept on developing, thank' generally to FlyBe'' low charge'. By 1994,FlyBe utilized more than 500 individuals and conveyed 1.5 million pa''enger' per annum. In 2002, the organization 'igned the large't ever request with Boeing for 100 cutting edge 737-800 aircrafgt with alternative' to purchase up to a further 50 airplane to be deliverd throughout the following 'even year' . it 'ucce''fully propelled 22 new course' and opened two new mainland

Improve Your Life and the World With a Masters Degree In Criminal Justice 2019

The criminal justice system grows increasingly complex and challenging each year. It includes penal law, social control, constitutional law, criminal procedure and evidence, criminology, victimology, policing, courts, corrections and community services, as well as politics. With the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, the field of Criminal Justice has expanded at a rapid rate. If you are currently employed in this field, you can take your place as a leader by earning a Masters Degree in Criminal Justice. You can broaden your professional knowledge and competencies in criminal justice research, theory, administration and practice. Because this degree can be earned at your own pace, in your own home and on your own time, you need not worry about leaving your current employment or moving your family. There are several options available online for you to investigate in the pursuit of your goal. An example is the Master of Arts in Criminal Justice at Umass Online. This degree will assist you in developing the professional skills necessary to assume a position of importance in the field. Umass has been named one of the best schools in the country, and its criminal justice program was established in 1984. Standard classes such as Criminology and Research Methods are offered, along with cutting edge classes like Crime Mapping, Domestic Violence and Terrorism. .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1:active, .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ud7aaabdda4531fd33b9bb4f6fac25ac1:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ From IT School to an IT CareerThree areas of emphasis are offered in the Master of Science in Criminal Justice degree from the University of Wisconsin, Platteville. The first is criminal justice theory emphasis, appropriate for continuing education in a PhD program, teaching at the college level, or a career in government research. The criminal justice management emphasis is tailored for those seeking promotion into administrative positions. The last emphasis is the victim and offender service program for those interested in working with crime victims, juveniles, probation and parole clients. The University of Massachusetts Lowell offers a Masters Degree in Criminal Justice, and has been named one of the best in the country. This degree serves four types of students: Those seeking a masters degree as a prerequisite for entry into the criminal justice field. Individuals currently in service who wish to broaden skills and expertise. Those in the criminal justice system seeking to specialize within the system. Candidates wishing to obtain the training necessary to meet the growing need for teaching criminal justice. .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246:active, .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u0541755d81234ff5da30bd8a9ebd6246:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Employment Opportunities With an Associate's Degree in Criminal JusticeThe U. S. Department of Labor has predicted that by 2017 there will be more than a 29% increase in the demand for FBI Agents, Police Officers, Private Detectives, and U.S. Customs Agents. Most of the best jobs in criminal justice require an advanced Criminal Justice Degree. To take your place among this elite group of law enforcement professionals, get online and get started. You can make your world and the world around you a better place. Related ArticlesFind Online Law and Social Science Degree ProgramsCareer Opportunities With a Criminal Justice DegreeOnline Criminal Justice Program Practice Law Enforcement for the Courts as a BailiffHelping the Nation With an Online Associates in Criminal JusticePrepare for Leadership Positions with a Criminal Justice Administration ProgramCriminal Justice Bachelor Degree Single Parents in Colorado Find Convenience at Kaplan University

Who Invented the Fountain Pen

Necessity might be the mother of invention, but frustration fuels the fire – or at least that  was the case for Lewis Waterman. Waterman was an insurance broker in New York City in 1883, getting ready to sign one of his hottest contracts. He bought a new fountain pen in honor of the occasion. Then, with the contract on the table and the pen in the client’s hand, the pen refused to write. Worse, it actually leaked onto the precious document. Horrified, Waterman raced back to his office for another contract, but a competing broker closed the deal in the meantime. Determined to never suffer such humiliation again, Waterman began to make his own fountain pens in his brother’s workshop. The First Fountain Pens Writing instruments designed to carry their own supply of ink had existed in principle for over 100 years before Waterman put his mind to improving the concept. The earliest inventors noted the apparent natural ink reserve found in the hollow channel of a birds feather. They tried to produce a similar effect, creating a man-made pen that would hold more ink and not require constant dipping into an inkwell. But a feather is not a pen, and filling a long thin reservoir made of hard rubber with ink and sticking a metal nib at the bottom was not enough to produce a smooth writing instrument. The oldest known fountain pen – still around today – was designed by M. Bion, a Frenchman, in 1702. Peregrin Williamson, a Baltimore shoemaker, received the first American patent for such a pen in 1809. John Scheffer received a British patent in 1819 for a half-quill-half-metal pen that he attempted to mass manufacture. John Jacob Parker patented the first self-filling fountain pen in 1831. Most of these were plagued by ink spills such as the one Waterman experienced, and other failures made them impractical and hard to sell.   The earliest 19th-century pens used an eyedropper to fill the reservoir. By 1915, most pens had switched to self-filling soft and flexible rubber sacs -- to refill these pens, the reservoirs were squeezed flat by an internal plate, then the pens nib was inserted into a bottle of ink and the pressure on the internal plate was released so the ink sac would fill up, drawing in a fresh supply of ink. Waterman’s Fountain Pen Waterman used the capillarity principle to create his first pen. It used air to induce a steady and even flow of ink. His idea was to add an air hole in the nib and three grooves inside the feed mechanism. He christened his pen the Regular and decorated it with wood accents, obtaining a patent for it in 1884. Waterman sold his hand-made pens out of the back of a cigar shop in his first year of operation. He guaranteed the pens for five years and advertised in a trendy magazine, The Review of Review. Orders began filtering in. By 1899, he had opened a factory in Montreal and was offering a variety of designs. Waterman died in 1901 and his nephew, Frank D. Waterman, took the business overseas, increasing sales to 350,000 pens a year. The Treaty of Versailles was signed using a solid gold Waterman pen, a far cry from the day when Lewis Waterman lost his important contract due to a leaky fountain pen. William Purvis’ Fountain Pen William Purvis of Philadelphia invented and patented improvements to the  fountain pen in 1890. His goal was to make a more durable, inexpensive and better pen to carry in the pocket. Purvis inserted an elastic tube between the pen nib and the ink reservoir that used a suction action to return any excess ink to the ink reservoir, reducing ink spills and increasing the longevity of the ink. Purvis also invented two machines for making paper bags which he sold to the Union Paper Bag Company of New York, as well as a bag fastener, a self-inking hand stamp and several devices for electric railroads. His first paper bag machine, for which he received a patent, created satchel bottom-type bags in an improved volume and with  greater automation than previous machines. Other Fountain Pen Patents and Improvements The different ways that reservoirs filled proved to be one of the most competitive areas in the fountain pen industry. Several patents were issued over the years for self-filling fountain pen designs: The Button Filler:  Patented in 1905 and first offered by the Parker Pen Company in 1913, this was an alternative to the eyedropper method. An external button connected to the internal pressure plate that flattened the ink sac when pressed.Lever Filler:  Walter Sheaffer patented the lever filler in 1908. The W.A. Sheaffer Pen Company of Fort Madison, Iowa introduced it in 1912. An external lever depressed the flexible ink sac. The lever fitted flush with the barrel of the pen when it was not in use. The lever filler was the winning design for fountain pens for the next 40 years.Click Filler:  First called the crescent filler, Roy Conklin of Toledo commercially produced the first pen of this type. A later design by Parker Pen Company also used the name â€Å"click filler.† When two protruding tabs on the outside of the pen pressed, the ink sac deflated. The tabs would make a clicking sound when the sac was full.Matchstick Filler:  This filler was introduced around 1910 by the Weidlich Company. A small rod mounted on the pen or a common matchstick depressed the internal pressure plate through a hole in the side of the barrel.Coin Filler:  This was Waterman’s attempt to compete with the winning lever filler patent that belonged to Sheaffer. A slot in the barrel of the pen enabled a coin to deflate the internal pressure plate, a similar idea to the matchstick filler. Early inks caused steel nibs to quickly corrode and gold nibs held up to the corrosion. Iridium used on the very tip of the nib eventually replaced gold because gold was too soft. Most owners had their initials engraved on the clip. It took about four months to break in a new writing instrument because the nib was designed to flex as pressure was put on it, allowing the writer to vary the width of the writing lines. Each nib wore down, accommodating each owners writing style. People did not loan their fountain pens to anyone for this reason. An ink cartridge introduced around 1950 was a disposable, prefilled plastic or glass cartridge designed for clean and easy insertion. It was an immediate success, but the introduction of ballpoints overshadowed the invention of the cartridge and dried up business for the fountain pen industry. Fountain pens sell today as classic writing instruments and the original pens have become very hot collectibles.

Psychological Approaches Behaviorism, Cognitive And...

1.1 Analysis of three psychological approaches; behaviourism, cognitive and humanistic. Three psychological approaches will be discussed in this essay, it will analyse the strengths and limitations of each the humanistic, cognitive and the humanistic approach. This essay will consider the contributions made to therapies in the modern life; evaluate how valid the methodology is using case studies to back up these theories and how they contribute to each other to becoming an approach. The behaviourist psychologists emphasise the role of the environment and how this can affect the behaviour of a person. â€Å"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant chief and yes even a beggar man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations and race of his ancestors† John Watson (Watson, 1930, pg 82). Watson believed that ‘scientific study of psychology is to benefit social welfare, as we can predict and control human behaviour and therefore, change how society behaves’ (Schacter et el, 2012: 19). This then brings a certain methodology, as it can be repeated a number of times with the same outcomes. Behaviourist psychologists believe that humans and animals learn from a stimulus and a response. The response being either negative or positive will determine if we willShow MoreRelatedSnapshot1702 Words   |  7 Pagesin particular on resolving unconscious conflict, mental distress and psychopathology. Freuds theories became very well-known, largely because they tackled subjects such as sexuality, repression, and the unconscious mind as general aspects of psychological development. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly discussed in polite society. While Freud is perhaps best known for his tripartite model of the mind, consisting of the idRead MorePsychology1731 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiment. The first laboratory was established in Germany, the center of study. Functionalism- Functional psychology  or  functionalism  refers to a general psychological philosophy that considers mental life and behavior in terms of active adaptation to the person s environment.  As such, it provides the general basis for developing psychological theories not readily testable by controlled experiments and for applied psychology. Functionalism arose in the U.S. in the late 19th century as an alternativeRead MoreThe Field of Psychology840 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscipline of social science that encompasses nearly every aspect of the human experience. The field of psychology addresses the entire gamut of human behavior and the complexities of emotion. Issues related to perception and cognition are included in psychological research. Neurobiology and neurophysiology also fall under the rubric of psychology. At the same time, psychology embraces less quantifiable variables in the human experience, such as emotional responses and altered states of consciousness. BecauseRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Behavior1281 Words   |  6 Pagessoul and spirit. The Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were some of the most influential philosophers of their time. However, due to the uncertainty of truth in these theories, they ended up being the foundations relating to psychological thought. However, throughout the 17th century, the advancement of psychology has exceeded into its own discipline along with the establishment of the six schools of thought. Before psychology had been established as a separate discipline, it firstRead MoreApplying Learning Theory Of Life1507 Words   |  7 Pagesyou can create a briefing which includes multiple styles and appeals to everyone. I believe the best approach given the intro on each person in the group would be the humanism approach. This approach is the study of the whole person concept and what makes us who we are as individuals. Behaviorism: Behaviorism is the belief that behavior is observable that can be objectively measured. This approach deals with the belief that behavior is a result of some sort of stimulus and the environment in whichRead MoreApproaches Of Psychology And Psychology1465 Words   |  6 Pages Approaches of psychology essay Fray Brittany Mr. Perez Psych Pd.7 11 Sept. 2015 Word Count: 1,449 Psychology is a very complex thing to understand to make it easier it is split up. There are different ways to interpret the big picture in psychology it makes senses for people to do so. There are five approaches to psychology and they are Cognitive, Behavioral, Biological, Humanistic, and Psychodynamic. All of these approaches are different from one another but can sometimes be used together toRead MoreConsumer Buying Behavior1597 Words   |  7 Pagespeople with whom the consumer is in contact with by one way or the other and have affect on the consumers buying behavior. These social factors can arise from culture, subculture, family and roles, reference groups and social class. Psychological Factors Psychological factors are an important part of the decision process. These are inherent to an individual and usually generate forces which affect his buying behavior. These forces include perception, motives, attitudes, learning and personalityRead MoreEssay about psychology1075 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology, Behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, physiological, evolutionary, cognitive, and cultural and diversity. I will only be looking at three of these perspectives still in common use today here is a summary of each. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The behavioral perspective quot;focuses on the observable behaviors; thus it does not speculate about mental processes such as thinking.quot; (Davis and Palladino, 2005).Unlike the other approaches, the behavioral perspective accentuatesRead MorePsychology : Human Mind And Its Functions1749 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference to one another. For example, the cognitive approach to behaviorism refers to the human behavior, and the primary focus is how humans think, and how thought processes impact on the way we behave. Psychology, as a thorough analysis on the human mind, strives to investigate and interpret the way of our minds, how they are influenced and why certain things (for example the environment) affect our thought processes in different situations. Behaviorism is mainly concerned with the side of behaviorRead MoreThe History of Psychology2719 Words   |  11 Pagestimes, with ancient philosophers began to record their findings and thoughts about behavior and the nature of the human mind. The name ‘psychology is from the two Greek roots, psyche and logos, which mean mind and study, respectively. Psychological thought was most influenced by three very well known ancient philosophers, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates maxim was know thyself, which was an idea that accentuated the importance of personal reflection and self-examination. He believed

Tom and Gatsby Essay Example For Students

Tom and Gatsby Essay It eluded us then, but thats no mattertomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. And one fine morning (Fitzgerald 188) Gatsbys rise to glory and eventual fall from grace became a cautionary tale about the American Dream. But, holding on to dreams, no matter how difficult they are to grasp, is a positive trait. The positive attribute of this characteristic is seen in the poem by Langston Hughes titled Dreams. It states: Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow. This poem emphasizes the fact that you are incomplete and only half-alive when you do not have dreams. However tragic the death of Jay Gatsby is at the end of the book, it can be assumed that Gatsby died a happy man. Gatsby carried his dream to the end of his life pursuing what he lived for: Daisy and everything she stood for. The seclusion of Tom Buchanans elite world created the breeding ground for his arrogance and materialism. He was able to control his environment because he has a prominent last name and money. Tom did not have to work to be where he is in society, and for that reason Jay Gatsby becomes the likeable character, even though he did illegal things to get in his position. The differences between Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby reflect the different social positions, personalities, and opinions of wealthy society. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. London: Penguin Popular Classics, 1994. Gevaert, Hudson (1996). About the 1920s. The Great Gatsby. June 1, 1998. July 27, 2005. http://www. geocities. com/BourbonStreet/3844/#1920 Hughes, Langston. Dreams. ENGL-202 Course Packet.

Mayor Of Casterbridge Essays (1841 words) - British Films

Mayor Of Casterbridge The Mayor of Casterbridge The Progression of Modernism During the first half of the 19th century English society was making the difficult transition from a pre-industrial Britain to modern' Victorian times. In agriculture, most of the transition took place around 1846 with the repeal of the corn laws. This allowed foreign grain to be imported into England for the first time. Consequently, the entire structure and methods of agriculture in Britain were greatly altered. Much of the action in Thomas Hardy's novel The Mayor of Casterbridge takes place during the years surrounding 1846. These were the years in which traditionalists took their last stand before being defeated in the name of progress. The contrasts between Henchard, a man relying on the traditional way of life and Farfrae, a man intrigued by modern ideas, illustrate the inevitability that progress and modernization will overcome tradition. The conflict of tradition versus modernization is shown through Henchard and Farfrae's contrasting approaches to business, their contrasting attitudes toward modernization and their changing roles in Casterbridge society. The contrast between Henchard and Farfrae's business attitudes demonstrates the conflict between the traditional and modern approaches to business. Michael Henchard and Donald Farfrae take very different approaches to bookkeeping and managing the employees of Henchard's Business. Henchard is a man who has an old-fashioned attitude toward business; he is unable to write properly and as a result his financial records are poorly kept and unorganized. The majority of his business records are kept in his head. Farfrae, however, is a young man who approaches business with a modern attitude. Farfrae keeps the business account books in perfect order: not hesitating to work late doing it. A light shone from the office window, and there being no blind to screen the interior Henchard could see Donald Farfrae still seated where he had left him, initiating himself into the managerial work of the house by overhauling the books. Henchard entered, merely observing, Don't let me interrupt you, if ye will stay so late.' He stood behind Farfrae's chair, watching his dexterity in clearing up the numerical fogs which had been allowed to grow so thick in Henchard's books as almost to baffle even the Scotchman's perspicacity. The corn-factor's mien was half admiring, and yet it was not without a dash of pity for the taste of anyone who could care to give his mind to such finnikin details. Henchard himself was mentally and physically unfit for grabbing subtleties from solid paper; he had in a modern sense received the education of Achilles, and found penmanship a tantalizing art. (p.72, The Mayor of Casterbridge) The conflicts between modern and traditional approaches to business are demonstrated through the contrasting business ethics of Henchard and Farfrae. Henchard, being an older man, is not as skilled at penmanship or mathematics and as a result his bookkeeping skills represent an older and more traditional method of maintaining business accounts. Farfrae, being from a younger generation approaches business in a more modern way. He keeps the financial records as accurate and as up to date as possible, making sure to go through old records and correct any mistakes that Henchard had made previously. Henchard's methods of business represent skills that are no longer in continual use. Farfrae is an example of how the advance of technology causes the loss of traditional, and valuable skills. In the same way, the conflict between traditional and modern approaches to business is demonstrated through Henchard and Farfrae's contrasting perspectives on how to manage employees. Henchard, the traditionalist, takes a stern approach when reprimanding employees, instilling respect into his employees through fear. Henchard punishes an employee for his tardiness. I don't want to hear it!' roared Henchard. Tomorrow the wagons must start at four, and if you are not there, stand clear. I will mortify thy flesh for thee!' But let me clear up my points, your worshipful-' Henchard turned away. He asked me, and he questioned me, and then 'a wouldn't hear my points!' said Abel, to the yard in general. Now, I shall twitch like a moment-hand all night long to-night for fear o' him!' (p. 94-95). A traditional form of respect for their employers found Henchard's employees fearing him as illustrated though Abel Whittle's reaction to

Rodgers and Hammerstein Changin Musical Theater History essays

Rodgers and Hammerstein Changin Musical Theater History essays There are many well-known lyricists and composers, but only a few leave such a mark as Rodgers and Hammerstein. This duo produced nine musical plays during their partnership and caused a profound change in musical comedy. They set the standards that are followed to this day in musical history. They created the modern musical that we all know and love. Before they became Rodgers and Hammerstein, they were simply Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, both of New York City. Hammerstein, born in 1895, was brought up in a theatrical family. His father was an operatic impresario, otherwise known as an opera director or manager. He built the Harlem Opera House(1888) and the Manhattan Opera House(1906) and also introduced many new singers to the US. From a very young age Hammerstein II committed to the theater even though his family discouraged him. As soon as he was old enough to have a job in his fathers theatrical business, he devoted himself to his duties and learned as much as he could about play production and the labors of the theater artist. Oscar eventually teamed up with author Otto Harbach and composer Vincent Youmans to produce Wildflower. With help from Harbach, Hammerstein began to create professional material for Broadway. Through Otto Harbach, Hammerstein was led into collaboration with Jerome Kern for Sunday. He also worked with Herbert Stothart and George Gershwin on Song of the Flame, a very unsuccessful show. But despite the shows failure, it did lead Hammerstein to concentrate on creating operetta in order to integrate musical comedy with opera. With this in mind, he was able to achieve new standards for success in his career with his lyrics for The Wild Rose and The Desert Song. By 1927, after a few more productions, Hammerstein had achieved the technical skill that allowed him to provide a composer with a functional book and lyrics. This was best shown in Showboat, the first modern Ameri...

Strategic Management and Business Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management and Business Policy - Essay Example A Pro-quest article states that people with education who want to become an entrepreneur, take the risk f owning or controlling a business because they use their knowledge to ensure promising business opportunities (Anonymous, 2005). It is well understood that people who have well-educated skills acquired from tertiary education, become entrepreneurs to turn their dream and vision into action. Knowledge gained by education consists f guidance, and not to tell you what to do in life. Most successors who take this into considerations have broader views and more information on how to succeed in life. Although what education from class may not be true, or mean anything towards their view, it is solely up to the person him/her self to use the techniques that they have learned through education. In 1913, Henry Ford, the founder f 'Ford Motors' used his educated knowledge for mass producing cars, which increased production greatly, as well as decreased the cost per car by two-thirds (Jones, et al, 2000). Henry Ford introduced the 'classical scientific theory' (established by Frederick W. Taylor) towards his manufacturing company. With the use f this theory in which he implemented, he experimented to discover the most efficient way that each worker performed in their one specialized task (Jones, et al, 2000). Although each process was very repetitive, production for cars grew, and costs were cut down which made Henry Ford a huge success person within the car production industry. With such an innovative idea which Henry Ford implemented, through the use f the 'classical scientific management theory', Henry Ford became one f the biggest entrepreneurs in the history f car manufacturing. Another great entrepreneur who used his educated skills greatly is Stewart L. Tubbs. Tubbs is the author f the book "Leadership: Communication, Innovation, and Change". Tim McGraw Quotes "He was the dean f the College f Business at Eastern Michigan University. He received his doctorate in communication and organizational behavior from the University f Kansas. His master's degree in communication and his bachelor's degree in science are from Bowling Green State University. He has completed postdoctoral work in management at Harvard Business School, the University f Michigan, and Michigan State University." (McGraw 2002) Although Tubbs is only an author for the McGraw publisher, is had many success stories f how he becomes the person he is currently. Tubbs has used his widely well-educated skills and been named outstanding teacher 3 times, as well as being an outstanding scholar twice. He has also consulted with over 500 companies have has achieved more than he ever could wish for (McGraw 2002). Along with educational purposes, they are able to extensively use educated skills gained by academic classes/buildings, in order to support their decisions in which they make to become their own entrepreneur. In Tubbs case, Tubbs took his knowledge to pursue his goals in life.

Paper on Aristotle and relationship at work Essay

Paper on Aristotle and relationship at work - Essay Example Mary, her friend for many years manages the marketing campaign at the company and frequently they have lunch together. They are all "friends", but in what capacity What does Aristotle have to do with Lori and her co-workers Although centuries have gone by, his theories on how we relate to one another, how we conduct ourselves and what motivates us have stood the test of time. Aristotle, born in 384 B.C. began studying under Plato at the age of 17 and remained at his school for 20 years, in the later years as a teacher (Cliffs Notes, Author). He also had the appointment to tutor the 13 year old son of Philip of Macedonia, Alexander, who later became known as Alexander the Great. During the period of Alexander's conquests, Aristotle began his own school in Athens and it is during this time that he most of his "important writing and teaching" (Cliff Notes, Author). philosophy, politics but also touched on issues on morality and ethics. The compilation of his lectures and writings in the compilation Nicomachean Ethics give extensive thought to the reasons and motivations for our behavior. Aristotle believed that "Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good" (Nicomachean Ethics Book I.1) and that the ultimate good is to achieve happiness. Happiness is sought for the sake of being happy whereas other goals such as being healthy, or rich is sought out in order to be happy. So it seems that the different activities in which we engage in life are all a small part or subset of the big goal to be happy. Friendship is one aspect of the subset. Aristotle says it "is a virtue or implies virtue, and is besides most necessary with a view to living." (Nicomachean Ethics Book VIII.1.) In the scenario at the beginning, Lori has become friends with the people with whom she works, a necessary occurrence that enables her to enjoy the time spent at the company. Developing the friendships contributes to her happiness. Aristotle puts friendship into three categories: perfect friendship or that which is based on being good, useful friendship and pleasant friendship. Lori liking Mary for the sake of Mary (and vice versa) is an example of genuine friendship. (Book VIII.3) Since the relationship is based on desiring purely what is good for the other, this type of friendship is long lasting as "goodness is an enduring thing" (Book VIII.3). However, Aristotle believes that this type of friendship does not occur frequently as not only are 'good' people a rarity, but it also takes time to cultivate. Not e that perfect relationships can also be pleasant and/or useful; however, pleasant or useful friendships are not perfect and therefore, not lasting. These relationships are considered to be mutually beneficial, or what Aristotle calls equal. Lori's new friendship with Rosie is a useful friendship in that there is a benefit for her. Lori learns faster from Rosie and increases her value at the office and Rosie is able to decrease her workload to a manageable quantity -- mutually useful. If Rosie did not have a huge workload, the Last Name 3 contribution to the friendship could be a combination of utility and pleasantness or in other words, Rosie is useful to Lori and finds

Attitude change Essay Example for Free

Attitude change Essay Technology also brought about a change in attitude to many employees because of its personal approach where despite the fact that it allows teams to work together it is also an ideal partner for individual tasks to get done. Craiger JP (2006) claims that technology resulted to a generation of employees who are self starters and problem solvers. By using technology employees learned to work independently, even if they are also dealing with their work teams and welcoming team initiatives on the side. For instance, an employee who does not have a desktop computer or does not know how to use one will have to depend on an encoder or a secretary for files to be encoded, taking two people to finish one document. When errors occur, it will be an accountability of two people. Often, when the margin of error was crossed is impossible to determine. On the other hand, an employee who has a desktop computer and knows how to operate it can type documents himself and be accountable for the whole task. It will also take just one person for the task to be completed. Computer users and the technologically inclined employees are not the only ones who had an attitude change. Those who do not have access to technological innovations in their respective departments were also encouraged to learn how to operate the new gadgets to be able to contribute to the growth of the company and, of course, to avoid being left behind. For fear of being retrenched or laid off by the company for the benefit of accommodating people who can work with the innovations that the organization is adapting, employees are more open than ever to learn new skills specially those that are technological. The same attitude change affects job applicants, who are otherwise not yet members but intending to become members of an organization. Job applicants are now putting more effort in getting at least the simplest technological skills and know-how to get an edge in their job-hunting process, especially with the fact that the younger graduates are more competitive in this area of knowledge. Issues Most of the changes brought about by technology to businesses were positive. The claims cannot be far from the truth. Technology was created to bring in convenience and efficiency, which is what it delivered right from the very start. However, there are also notions as to how technology has largely affected the way in which employees and organizations function, albeit on a negative light. Communication? Contrary to above claims that technology helped the culture of teams to flourish, and that communication became easier through new innovations that companies were investing on, computers and other technological equipment is also blamed for the downgrade in organizational communication. Craiger JP (2006) stressed that computers did not allow employees to communicate until networks were created. There was a great divide between employees who are operating the new facilities, and those who are not. There is also a sub-divide between employees operating the new equipment. The great divide between employees occurs from the very start, when not all employees have access to technology. People who have the know-how are roomed in with the computers, and those who are still on manual work stay in regular cubicles where other employees are present, allowing for interpersonal communication. After much development, majority of employees in many organizations gained access to computers. The problem which turned out later on concerned the transferring, sharing, and merging of files and information within the organization. Born is the network, and things went well. Employees can drag and drop information from and to a colleague, and even share pleasantries with each other on the side. This is where the communication problem began. The problem with technology is that it allows people to be convenient. In fact, employees felt too much convenience that the simplest things are often put on the hands of technology. For instance, instead of dropping by to the nearby cubicle of a co-employee, one just has to click on some icons and send her message through the computer. The technologically-driven workplace also slowly transformed into an impersonal workplace where every bit of thing was coursed through technology. This posed miscommunication problems—messages and files which were not received, lost files, misinterpretation of messages, errors in routing messages, and so on. The list is boundless, but the solution is not far from reach as well. To aid this problem, companies must orient new employees and train existing employees on the art of effective communication, as well as the proper use of company technology. With proper information and education, it is possible for companies to be technologically inclined but still effective in their communication. Re-trainings and new hiring A necessity for many companies who are just starting their technological stance is the re-training of employees. Companies cannot expect all of their employees to be familiar with the jargons and processes of technology once it is initiated in the company. There is also the need for people to maintain the equipment and to troubleshoot them in case something wrong happens. Thus, even if majority of the existing employees know how to operate technological equipment, the company still needs to hire additional people or get an outsourced service for these. This, however, does not sacrifice the cost-effectiveness of business technology. Even if a company spends for additional people or service, the costs that it will incur will still be offset by the multiplicity of role that business technology can undertake. A good way to minimize the costs in this area is to train employees, including those knowledgeable, on the proper use and maintenance of the equipment and by developing guidelines for reporting any problem or damage so that proper and timely intervention can be made. Telecommuting woes A point of debate in the technological workplace is the telecommuting option for employees. This has long been a trend, which proved to be convenient for both telecommuters and their companies. With off-site jobs, telecommuters need not travel to their workplace and be stuck with an office routine. They can also perform personal tasks while working, and avoid the pressure of being confined in an office cubicle. For companies, it saves them the office space the employee needs, and the costs of electricity and other provisional expenses of keeping an employee on the job site. However, human resources managers have one problem with keeping and working with telecommuters and off-site employees in the organization: performance appraisal and monitoring. When an employee works off the job site, he holds his time and place. He may be calling a client for a presentation while waiting for the kids for a drive to the school, and meet the client for a lunch meeting just before going to the grocery for some things needed for dinner. While this requires incredible discipline for tasks to get done, there is no guarantee that all telecommuters have the required character it takes. This brings about the importance of monitoring and performance appraisal, which is an equally grueling task for human resource persons to do with telecommuters. But for many companies, the solution is easy. Monitoring and performance appraisal can be largely dependent on one thing: end product. Telecommuters should be given deadlines and work expectations, and they should in turn give back results. This can prove when an off-site employee has the discipline it takes to work away from work, of he needs to work with the boss around. Privacy issues The ease of organizing work teams is undoubtedly one of the better benefits of modern technology to organizations, but it is not also ideal at all. With the convenient dragging and dropping of information throughout the network of technologically driven companies, it is easy for information to leak and for privacy seals to be broken. On a smaller scale, it can be as simple as one employee stealing the proposal of another employee; or one team member taking full credits to the collaborative work of a work team. On a larger scale it can be the theft of significant company information, or the leak of personal information of employees. This is a possibility to which all companies are susceptible. The exposure of an organization to modern technology, especially that which binds the company to networking, also puts many of its information and exchanges out in the open. Companies, however, need not fret. As privacy has been an utmost concern for many developers of technology, many solutions are now available for companies to protect themselves and their systems. A wide range of products are available to suit many companies’ generic needs, and many developers have come up with security measures that can be customized according to the needs and preferences of an organization. It should be noted, though, that security software and technology does not erase the possibility of privacy issues from taking place. While it can secure much of a company’s information, proper care and understanding of privacy clauses and measures by employees are equally important. Too fast and too furious Another issue concerning companies is the fast turnover of technological trends. New computers and gadgets are introduced everyday, and what is trendy today can be obsolete in a matter of months. While there are companies who are true to their subscription of technology, and strive to invest in newer, better models to improve their standing and service, not all companies can keep up. It can be disheartening for an organization to invest thousands of dollars in innovations, only to find themselves looking for an upgrade months after. Technology’s game is simple: the newer, the better. However, this game should not work for companies as well as they have financial books to consider. For business technology, the key is that whichever fits the company best is the better alternative. Unless very necessary, companies should not feel pressured in constantly buying new equipment every so often to keep up with competition. Delivery of good products and service is what matters most.

Tissue Engineering Muscle by Micropatterning for Therapeutic Transplant

Tissue Engineering Muscle by Micropatterning for Therapeutic Transplantation There is growing interest to treat patients with inherited or acquired muscular disorders by transplantation of cells to the site of dysfunction to restore normal function. One candidate cell source is skeletal muscle, which can be harvested from surrounding tissues for cell culture before injecting into the site of dysfunction. However, this treatment may not be practical because harvesting skeletal muscle may lead to significant muscle loss and increased susceptibility to infection. One effective way to develop the needed tissue is through tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is the development of molecules, cells, tissues, or organs to replace or support dysfunctional body parts. Myoblasts, which are muscle precursor cells, a form on stem cells found in muscle, are a promising cell source for tissue engineering because they play an active role in regenerating muscle due to injury. Normally quiescent, myoblasts respond to muscle injury by rapidly proliferating and then differentiating, which results in the fusion of neighboring myoblasts into myofibers. Myoblasts can be easily cultured in vitro and are capable of forming muscle. Since myoblasts have the potential to differentiate into muscle fibers, they show tremendous promise for developing muscle tissue that can be used to for cell transplantation and tissue engineering. By creating an effective means of engineering muscle tissue, clinici...

Catholic Reformation Outline!

Bipin Pant AP Euro Thesis Statement While the ultimate objective of the Catholic Reformation was to recognize and spread Catholicism. Some aims, methods, and degree of success of the catholic reformation in the 16th century were activities of the Jesuits, the revival of papacy and the Council of Trent. Activities of the Jesuits Established highly disciplined schools The Jesuits took over in catholic universities and by 1600 they were the most famous educators in Europe Propagation of the catholic faith among non-Christians Francis Xavier spread ideas and influenced other countries like JapanThe revival of papacy Pope Paul III (1534-1549) was the turning point to the revival of papacy Appointed a reform commission to study the condition of the Jesuits and summoned the council of Trent A Colloquy was held at Regensburg to settle religious tension peacefully Cardinal Caraffa was chosen pope as Paul IV (1555-1559) Council of Trent Problems such as outbreak in plagues, war between France and Spain, and changing of popes occurred The ladder group wan and only the church could interpret Scripture Both faith and good works worked for salvation he catholic church entered a new phase of its history Conclusion In conclusion, the catholic reformation's main goal was to proceed with Catholicism and some of the aims, methods, and degree of success of the catholic reformation were the activities of the Jesuits, the revival of papacy and the creation of the council of Trent. All these events led up to the new world that we live in and some of these events enhanced our education and our knowledge for the world and its view of life. What comes next? Motives of expanding land and â€Å"The new world†.

The History and Culture of Black Jews in America Essay

According to the broadest definition, there are approximately 9 million Jewish adults in America. Of those, 5.3 million are Jewish because they practice the Jewish religion or who have a Jewish parent and consider themselves Jewish. Non-hispanic blacks make up 2% of that population. (A Portrait of Jewish Americans) Blacks constitute such a small percentage of the Jewish population that they are often considered to be obviously â€Å"not Jewish†. This was the experience of Rabbi Shlomo ben Levy.In an article entitled, â€Å"Who are we? Where did we come from? How many of us are there?†, Rabbi Levy describes his feelings of marginalization triggered by an advertisement for Levy’s Jewish Rye. The advertisement features a black boy eating a sandwich and†¦show more content†¦(Kaye/Kantrowitz 1) Meanwhile, it is not uncommon for black Jews, who usually prefer to be called Hebrews or Israelites, to describe white Jews as the products of conversion or intermarri age and that Judaism is the true religion of their African ancestors. (Parfitt 84-88) This dynamic shapes the mutual mistrust that exists between black Jews in America and the overwhelmingly Ashkenazi majority. The problem of marginalization began with the waves of Jewish immigrants from Europe who fled the Russion pogroms and later the Nazis. In their homelands, these people were Jewish, but in America they had the opportunity to be white. In cementing their status as white, these Amnerican Jews further alienated the small minority of Jews of African descent and others who do not fit nicely into the white race group. Despite this, the black Jews of America share a diverse cultural history that is both African and Jewish. The Commandment Keepers, are one of the largest and best known black Jewish congregations in America. (Chireau 25) Their founder, Wentworth Arthur Matthew, is regarded as the first black American rabbi. Matthew’s background is not well documented. From his own accounts he was born in the West Indies in 1892, the grandson of an Ethiopian Jew, and studied at a number of prestigious institutions. The congregation he founded remains active and has been an Orthodox Jewish congregation since it’s founding in 1919. (Biography ofShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights During The 20th Century989 Words   |  4 Pages Today, we stand at a precipice threatening a definitive split between Blacks and Jews, and Jews of Color and Jews. The recent platform of Black Lives Matters denounces Israel as an apartheid state. 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Myths Are Stories That Express Meaning, Morality Or...

â€Å"Myths are stories that express meaning, morality or motivation. Whether they are true or not is irrelevant.† This was quoted by writer Michael Shermer, and it still holds today. This quote displays that myths have the power to take the reader away from reality and launch them into a world of mystery and phenomena. Also, even if myths have different stories and different characters, they all in some way portray regular societal values. For example, â€Å"The Fisherman and The Jinnee†, â€Å"Sifrit†, and â€Å"Song of Roland† all tell divergent stories with very diverse characters. But by the end, they all portray the values of righteousness and how one man, or hero can rescue an entire society. â€Å"A myth is an image of terms in which we try to make†¦show more content†¦They eventually race in the woods to get drinks and when it is not suspicious, Hagen stabs Sifrit in the weak spot with a lance. Gunther kills Hagen immediately after. Once Chriemhilde hears of what happened, she begins to kill most of those who were involved with his murder. However, she eventually gets killed by the Huns. In Roland, the main hero Rollanz is a powerful, courageous, and determined hero who is protected by ruler Charlemagne. In the 7 year war, he had to influence an army through an ambush by himself. As the warrior he is, he fights the battle rather than calling in reinforcements. However, this lead to the tragic death of his comrade Olivier, and most of his soldiers. Towards the end, he blew the oil paint which hollered for help to aid the rest of his people. This decision lead to his death, which makes him a martyr. Roland is similar to the myths of Sundiata and Fisherman and the Jinnee because of their actions and decision making made them heroes in their respective myths. Each of these myths have a hero either protecting their loved ones, or saving their loved ones from danger. In Sundiata, the griot is illustrated as brave, due to his willingness to slay enemies left and right, while disregarding his own safety in battle, much like Rollanz. However, in the Fisherman and the Jinnee, the main fisherman does not use violence but instead he uses his genius intellect to take himself out of tough situations. This shows that theseShow MoreRelatedHistory of Theatre Lesson Notes Essay5401 Words   |  22 Pages20th centuries that envisions theatre as emerging out of myth and ritual (society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being, connection between actions performed by group and results it desires leads to repeat/refine/formalizing those actions into rituals, stories/myths grow up around a ritual, performers dress up, act out the myths. (more info pg 2). 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Divided into fourRead MoreSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 Pagesclaims that Christians are ‘meaning makers,’ taking â€Å"the raw material of lived experience—the gladness and the sorrows—and trying to seek the deeper meaning, see the larger picture, understand the levels and layers of life in all its fullness and intensity. We live, and then in faith we try to discover meaning† (p. 2). Spiritual deepening, or development then, is about becoming more consciously aware —being attentive, staying alert, and paying attention to life as we seek meaning. The Council on Social

Essay on Social Cliques in The Breakfast Club by Eric Berne

Social Cliques in The Breakfast Club by Eric Berne â€Å"Jock†, â€Å"prep†, â€Å"gangster†, â€Å"loser†, â€Å"geek†, â€Å"criminal†, â€Å" popular†, are just a few labels of teenagers that are used everyday by outsiders who judge them without looking skin deep. In the matter of stereotyping, some may perceive it as being the base of an identity in the view of society. Eric Berne, an author and psychologist, wrote an article, â€Å"Can People Be Judged by Their Appearance?†, where stereotyping is categorized and used as a positive view. As opposed to the film The Breakfast Club, written by John Hughes, that creates a more negative input on stereotyping. Berne’s uses a theory of basic human types as an example of a scientific subject made for nonscientists, where in†¦show more content†¦In his article â€Å"Can People Be Judged by Their Appearance?† Berne classifies three different types of â€Å"morphs,† that describe ones body build, whether a n endomorph, (inside,) a mesomorph (middle,) or an ectomorph (outside,) which portrays individuals in a descriptive â€Å"type† of person they are. Berne presents a Viscerotonic Endomorph, which describes a rather short, thick, smooth, bald, easy going man, who for enjoyment attends banquets, takes baths, and sleeps. The Somatotonic Mesomorph is described as being a muscular, rugged, tan, firm, adventurous man, who for enjoyment loves to exercise and master those around him for a good time. Lastly the Cerebrotonic Ectomorph, a man who is a long, thin, pale, dry, absent minded man, who doesn’t fancy moving around much and would rather sit quietly by themselves and keep out of difficulties. Berne reflects these special cases not as being something to judge or discriminate another human by, but uses them as an advocate to the human mind if encountering a struggle within itself or the world surrounding it, partially determined by the category their characteristics label them as. The article puts readers in a position of analyzing themselves and realizing how others may perceive them to be in society, as well as contributes

Contract Law Doctrine of Consideration

Question: Discuss about the Contract Law for Doctrine of Consideration. Answer: Introduction: A lawfully binding exchange of promises from one person to another has been defined as a contract which would be enforced by the law. Also, contract law has been observed to be founded on the phrase pacta sunt servanda. It specifically means that promises must be kept. But in order to create a valid contract there have to be four main essentials that must be present which includes an offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create lawful relations and capacity.[1] If any one of the above mentioned essentials would not be present then a valid contract could not be formed. So, it has been clearly stated that consideration has been one of the most significant constituent of a lawful agreement. In creating a valid contract the first step was to make an offer which must be made by one person to another. Acceptance would be regarded as when the individual who receives the proposal accepts the terms of the offer which was made. Consideration has been regarded as same as the intention to create lawful relations.[2] Agreements which do not include a price which has to be paid for the promises were unenforceable if not they have been carried out by a legal document under seal. The elements of Intention to make lawful relationships have been descriptive constituents of a contract. The final element of a valid agreement was the capacity of the parties. It was whether an individual has the freedom to enter into an agreement or not. The below mentioned essay would spotlight on the constituents of a price in an agreement and more particularly it would dispute that price must be sufficient but need not to be adequate. Not every promise which was made would be enforceable in law by the tribunals, as doing so would be specifically being impractical. As it has been observed clearly that a promise which would be backed up by consideration would grant a reason for enforcement. It has been clearly observed that the Doctrine of Consideration has been one of the five major indispensable ingredients of a valid agreement. In an agreement, if consideration would not be instituted as a part of an agreement then it would determine whether it was enforceable or not unless it was integrated into a deed under a seal. Consideration has been defined as the price that was asked by the person who made an offer in exchange for their promise. As per the requirement of common law, in order to make a contract to be binding the person to whom the promise was made must grant a price for the promise. Consideration has been regarded as prone to much condemnation as it was stated to have a very slight extent as a meaning with a number of suggestions stating that the slightness of the doctrine displays was is now more about refuting the lawful effect in most of the promises.[3] The thoughts behind this disparagement were that a number of tribunals bring consideration into the matters without thinking twice and utilize it as a tool to direct their verdicts. This then show the way to it which was open to many more possibilities. As in the case of Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989] EWCA Civ 5[4], it was stated that a practical assistance attained by an individual could be calculated as a sufficient consideration. This would then lead to unauthorized assertions as never before which states that such consideration has been brought into a case containing a pre-existing contract. In the case of Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153[5], it has been concluded that consideration could be defined as some privilege, interest, profit accrued to an individual who was the party or some loss or harm undertaken by another. So, in order to rotate an otherwise unenforceable promise which was made by an individual into a lawfully binding contract a person to whom such promise was made must in return grant to the person who initiated a promise a price.[6] The meaning of what comprise of a price which was paid for such promise was distinctively found in the matter of Dunlop v Selfridge [1915] AC 847[7]. In this case it was concluded that price i.e. something of value could be defined as an act of tolerance of the guarantee. So, it was defined as the value for which such guarantee of the other was bought, and the promise thus would grant for worth would be enforceable. There was numerous numbers of rules which were made in regard to the procedure of consideration that could also be found in the matter of: Tweddle v Atkinson (1861) 121 ER 762[8] as in this case it was stated that the price paid for a promise must be send from a person who accepted the offer; or In Re McArdle [1951] Ch 669[9], where it was held that the price paid must not be paid in past; In Thomas v Thomas (1842) 2 QB 851[10] it was concluded that such consideration must be sufficient, but require not be adequate but must have something of value. This value which was paid for the promise should be more than merely financial. In the matter of Ward v Byham [1956] 1 WLR 496[11] promises which were made to take care for an individual have been concluded to be sufficient. But at first instance, it seems that the rule of consideration is anything wrong with terms. For most non-specialists "sufficient" means the same as "adequate." However, the rule makes sense, because it means that although consideration should be sufficient to maintain the contract (i.e. it must have some value in terms of law), it may not necessarily be appropriate in the sense to be of the same value as and consideration other.[12] In order to consider that the price paid for the promise was valid it could be done so by stating that such price need not to be adequate but must be sufficient. This statement could be meant that the price does not have to reveal the value of the promise to be adequate. But at the same time such promise must be lawfully sufficient that means to say that it must be somewhat that the law gazes at as been competent of concluding to a valid price.[13] This has been a controversial problem as many feel that it has been an inequitable method of shaping a verdict but such decision which was brought to limelight in the matter of Chappell v. Nestle [1960] AC 87[14]. In this case it was clearly concluded by the majority of the judges that the wrappers of the chocolate were considered as a element of price even though they were of small monetary price which was frightened away by the respondents on delivery.[15] In another case of Thomas v Thomas (1842), 2 QB 851[16] it was held that the motive of the husband was the only reason for the contract and a reason could not amount to price. Though, the promise which was made by the applicant to pay 1 and keep the house in good way was considered to be a sufficient consideration. Although it has been observed that the terms Adequacy and sufficiency in the common language have similar meaning as they were considered to be synonyms to each other. Though under law adequacy have been described to be such situations where the money which an individual has paid for something was inconsistent with the cost of what an individual obtains in return. It was the only privilege that the tribunals do not take into account whether an agreement which was initiated contains adequate consideration, as it would be unfeasible and away from the means of the tribunal to ascertain. Consequently, a person must fix a price for all of the goods and services that were enclosed in the agreements which were put forward before the tribunal. In a Canadian case of Zecevic v The Russian Orthodox Christ the Saviour Cathedral [1988]O.J. No. 1282[17], it was held that there was no intention to create legal relations from both the individuals who were the parties to the contract. Also, there had been no payment of money which was promised which clearly implies that there had been an inadequate consideration in the contract. So, it could be stated that for a consideration to be measured as satisfactory enough to sustain a easy agreement under law it must be have certain monetary worth. In addition to the fact that it must contain a monetary value, such price must also be of such a type which was recognized by law as lawful. On the other hand, there have been a number of examples that were measured to be insufficient consideration in the eyes of the lawful authorities such as natural love and affection, moral obligation and prayers were but to name a few. For instance, where an individual makes a guarantee to do something, which, they were previously bound by law to do it then this does not amount to satisfactory price in the construction of an agreement. This would merely be recurring as a duty which the person to whom such offer was made was already compelled to do so in other they were promising to do nothing at all. It was then the law stated and founded price to be an deficient consideration if the applicant carries out an obligation which he already owed.[18] There have been two main forms of considerations which could be considered as insufficient such as: Past consideration: It has been regarded as something which was granted unreasonably or in connection to other as it would not be regarded as a ground which would be sufficient in relation to a new promise. In the case of Stewart v Casey [1892] 1 Ch. 104[19] it has been stated that an exception to the past consideration rule subsists in connection to promises which were made to pay for services. It has also been stated that where it would be implied that the performance of services would be paid for then the performance of those services would be a good consideration.[20] Existing of Lawful duties: This rule was most likely to take place where the contractual duties were varied or An innovative agreement was completed and an innovative agreement was substituted by replacing it. Also for the above declarations which were made in relation to the rules of consideration in persistence to the fact that there were certain exceptions to the instance which was granted in relation to past consideration. But in order to create simplicity and lucidity, there has exceptions to the rules of consideration which were defined above. With regards to the doctrine of price i.e. consideration its exception was that of the person who made an offer who had formerly asked the other individual to grant goods or services. In the case of Lampleigh v Braithwait [1615] EWHC KB J 17[21] it was stated that a promise which was made after providing them would be treated as a legit. Though if it was known to be a trade deal then it must exhibit and perform in an unmistakable manner. In another matter of Re Caseys Patent [1892] 1 Ch. 104[22] it was upheld that the payment of price must ensue for the good and services which were to be provided as it would then also be measured to be obligatory. It has been the principle of promissory estoppels which was regarded as an impartial remedy that permits an individual from not turning back on a promise which was not sustained by the price paid under a contract. Estoppels could act as a guard but not as a weapon in relation to the point of consideration. So, it was simply about fairness to the other side of which may the person who made a offer could get benefit and so that the person to whom such promise was made does not violate the contract. It was in the case of Hughes v Metropolitan Railway (1876-77) LR 2 App Cas 439[23] that the doctrine of consideration was established. But at the same time it was this doctrine of Consideration only which drew divergence of view as a doctrine such as the attack which was made by Lord Mansfield on consideration for not recognizing it as part of contract law. In another matter of Tool Metal Manufacturing v Tungsten [1955] 1 WLR 761[24], that the modern version was enhanced by the court by confirming that the doctrine of promissory estoppel exists in contract law. In Waltons v Maher [1988] HCA 7[25] it was concluded that where the development of the Doctrine of Promissory Estoppels, under which a promise that has been dependent upon to the detriment of the other person may be imposed by that other in spite of the fact that there was a lack of consideration. Also, as a general rule of the part payment of a balance which was due was not a good consideration for the promise of the creditors to relinquish the balance. In the payment of a part of the balance which was due which was owed the person to whom an offer was made was observed to be doing a work which was no more than performing an existing contractual obligation which he owed. Similarly, a promise which was made in relation to pay a part of a balance due could not represent price for a promise of the creditor in order to relinquish the balance. It was usually referred to as the rule in Pinnels case. In the case of Penny v Cole which was known as the Pinnel's Case [1602] 5 Co. Rep. 117a[26] it was stated that if a sum of money was owing to a creditor by a balance which was due or. And all those individuals enter into an ensuing contract that concluded that the creditor would accept a smaller sum in fulfillment of the entire amount. But the later sum of the contract would usually not be obligatory as the arrears which was due or has not granted price for the promise of the creditor in order to relinquish the balance which was due. Consequently, even if the balance which was due or acts on this contract by paying the smaller amount which was decided and the sum was established by the creditor which he would usually be able to take legal action against the balance which was due or for the arrears. At last, in order to conclude the essay it could be stated that it has been of fundamental importance that consideration has been considered as required in the construction of agreements to make sure those only stringent contracts would be measured to be agreements and individuals would only enter into them deliberately. Also, it has been unreasonable for the tribunals to place a value on goods and services so consideration need not be satisfactory and it should be up to the individuals in an agreement to choose what charge them aspiration to put on goods or services. At last, the tribunals must only permit contracts that enclose price that has a monetary value to be an agreement. As it has revealed in cases, like Zecevic v The Russian Orthodox Christ the Saviour Cathedral [1988]O.J. No. 1282[27], that those contracts where price includes no monetary worth then it was unfeasible to put a worth on the promise made and thus becomes almost impracticable to control under law. References Ewan McKendrick and Qiao Liu, Contract Law: Australian Edition, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). W. Ryan, Equity And The Doctrine Of Consideration, The Adelaide Law Review. Chappell v. Nestle [1960] AC 87. Cuurrie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153. Dunlop v Selfridge [1915] AC 847. Hughes v Metropolitan Railway (1876-77) LR 2 App Cas 439. Lampleigh v Braithwait [1615] EWHC KB J 17. Pinnel's Case [1602] 5 Co. Rep. 117a. Re Caseys Patent [1892] 1 Ch. 104. Re McArdle [1951] Ch 669. Stewart v Casey [1892] 1 Ch. 104. Thomas v Thomas (1842) 2 QB 851. Thomas v Thomas (1842), 2 QB 851. Tool Metal Manufacturing v Tungsten [1955] 1 WLR 761. Tweddle v Atkinson (1861) 121 ER 762. Waltons v Maher [1988] HCA 7. Ward v Byham [1956] 1 WLR 496. Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989] EWCA Civ 5.

Zapatista Movement Essay Example

Zapatista Movement Essay On the 1st day of January of 1994, Chiapas, a state in Mexico that is considered one of its poorest territories has bore the up to now existing ‘Zapatista Army of National Liberation’ (Ejà ©rcito Zapatista de Liberacià ³n Nacional, EZLN). It is an armed movement that has been asserting war in opposition to the Mexican state (Herna ´ndez, 2001). This revolutionary troupe addresses themselves as Zapatistas in honor of one of its prominent leaders in the Liberation of the South during the Mexican Revolution, Emiliano Zapata. At present this association is directed by their spokesperson Subcomandante Marcos (Herna ´ndez, 2001). The EZLN aims to instigate revolution and declare autonomy to the entire Mexican state, however this objective barely happened. As a result to its relentless failure, they have decided to use their protest on the signing of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) as a means for their mutiny to be recognized globally (El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). According to them, the approval of NAFTA would only widen the gap between the rich people and the unfortunate ones of Chiapas. The movement moreover demands autonomy in their resources, giving them what they are supposed to get and having them benefit more from these assets. This group also seeks to establish a socialist government which would give high regards to individual rights, freedom and equality by eliminating property privacy and eradicating any oppression under the administration (Herna ´ndez, 2001).   And with this, the faction formed by this revolutionist came to be known all over the world. Internet and mainstream media such as communiquà ©s and articles concerning the Zapatistas’ existence began to take its distinction all over the globe (Gonzales 2005). Up to this time, this group had made drastic progress in its preeminence, carrying on what they had started with a descent flow. We will write a custom essay sample on Zapatista Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zapatista Movement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zapatista Movement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I take in position that the Zapatista movement is indeed enduring and the success of it is still yet to be determined. This paper will discuss three arguments in which one will prove the faction’s stability at present. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature Review School of Thought 1: The Zapatista Movement with Sub-Comandante Marcos at its head was successful in achieving their goals. The EZLN gave birth to pristine fundaments of democracy that once constructed a national movement drastically challenging the global capitalist agenda under the control of Subcommander Marcos (EZLN, 1993). Despite 10 struggling years of preparation for jungle guerrilla warfare and following a 12-day conflict in the onset of year 1994, the Zapatistas were able to revolutionize from an ‘army liberation’ into a ‘civil society’, facilitating mobilization among masses (Harvey, 1998). Through the years, the Zapatistas were able to maintain a stable path of analysis concerning global capitalism and plans for struggle. Consequently, after a decade of battles and global formation, the Zapatistas in 2005 published the Sixth Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle (EZLN, 1993). The Sixth Declaration as stated by Marcos â€Å"announced their desire and intent to organize with other sectors of national and international society, creating a united, explicitly anti-capitalist front of all those ‘below and to the left;’ there would be no more dialogue with those ‘above’, with any political party or state official† (EZLN, 1993). The EZLN as it is known was the first and only post-modern revolutionary movement that achieved success. With the use of internet and other types of media broadcasts, they were able to create a communication infrastructure as a means to reach wider audiences in mobilizing outward foundation for the movement (Gonzales 2005). Various websites were upheld by their dedicated supporters from other countries such as published news updates, Zapatista communiquà ©s and information on events with reference to solidarity (Gonzales 2005). More importantly, these media helped them to expose periods of repression taking place within the Zapatista community. Moreover, the utilization of these methods has attracted the public to boast their own personal opinions. The Zapatista network has also able to further engage in affective political information to reach indigenous communities, organizations of environmental and human rights as well as activists (Gonzales 2005). In accordance with the NAFTA which became a means for the Zapatistas to manifest themselves were three people who took hostility with this agreement and made the EZLN an inspiration for their masterpieces. These were the following: â€Å"Bill Weinberg: investigative journalist and editor of the on-line weekly World War 3 Report who reaped awards. His works includes ‘Homage to Chiapas: The New Indigenous Struggles in Mexico’ and ‘War on the Land: Ecology and Politics in Central America’† (El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). â€Å"Franc Contreras: A reporter from Mexico City since 1996. He covers Mexico, Central and South America for Public Radio International and daily news broadcast, The World â€Å"(El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). â€Å"Peter Brown: known as Pedro Caf in the Chiapas Highlands. Schools for Chiapas program director; he raised money and built a school for Zapatista children in one of the autonomous communities but was arrested, deported, and banned for life after the deed†(El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). School of Thought 2: The Zapatista Movement was unsuccessful in achieving their goals and has since drifted into the shadows. The Zapatistas had become unsuccessful in achieving their aim to gain autonomy and independence. During the 1994 uprising of the EZLN, they were unable to achieve success with the use of arms and ammunitions. So they had thought of ways in order to effectively execute their objective and that is to use networking, to be able to reach wider range of supporters. One immediate failure encountered by the Zapatistas was when the government hesitated to sign the San Andres accord which emphasizes â€Å"the need for a new legislative framework to regulate the relations between indigenous peoples and the state; the right to self-determination of indigenous peoples as expressed through territorial autonomy within the national state; and the recognition of indigenous customary law† (Vogt, 1969). The proposal as settled to this result must be presented mutually to the national Congress by the participants, namely the federal government and EZLN. In the process the Zapatistas had lost hope and the government even had appeared unwilling to take approve of the said agreement. Several revisions of the accord was made during the course of its assent and efforts by the COCOPA, a political party of the Commission of the National Congress had failed to put the pieces back to its form and even peace dialogues have broken off (Vogt, 1969). The governmen t’s rejection of the agreement which it had earlier signed surprised many. They asserted that autonomy and recognition of such amendments which includes the conventional law of the indigenous people were intolerable and will only bring threat to national sovereignty (Vogt, 1969). In the last decades and up to this present time, the Zapatistas were under a most terrible assault against them. Numerous evictions were officially made by the state and federal agencies and security forces in the regions of Chiapas which includes the community in the Montes Azules (El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). Inhabitants were forced to leave the zone as they were airlifted by helicopters. Men and women were put in dungeons and some pregnant women with children were stocked in warehouses without neither food nor water. Authorities from a community in Chiapas Highland called as San Andres Larrainzar, had been receiving death threats from the PRI which was the state Institutional Revolutionary Party (El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). Paramilitary forces wounded and gunned several Zapatista communities in the region. They recalled a similar incident happened ten years ago wherein 45 people particularly women and children were massacred while praying in their chapel (Harvey, 1998). School of Thought 3: The Zapatista Movement is ongoing, with victories and defeats; the result of the movement is yet to be determined. The Good Government Councils of the five districts of the territories of the Zapatistas attended the ‘First Encounter Between Zapatista Peoples’ and the ‘Peoples of the World’ last December of 2006 to report certain progress in the organization of self-rule and direct democracy; community-based organization and implementing justice; and employment of autonomous institutions in health, education, and agricultural and artisan production (El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). The following facts aim to evidently show what these communities have facilitated for the past years in their sense of self-governance: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Territory An estimated 500,000-700,000 hectares of lands, used to be in the possession and control of the ‘latifundistas’ (large landowners, like plantation owners) were took for recovery when the 1994 uprising and procuring of the seven seats of municipal took place (Herna ´ndez, 2001). Only a small part of this land was owned by the Zapatistas and for the indigenous communities in Zapatista territory, this mere fraction of land was rehabilitated into communally-worked plots(El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). The abuelos (grandparents/inhabitants from previous generations) described life back then as peons, in near slave-like state experiences under the control of the latifundistas. According to them the recuperation made would greatly benefit them(El Kilombo Intergalà ¡ctico, 2008). The attainment of this land as a result gave them freedom to control their own lives without the intrusion of these oppressors. Also this incident became a means for them to build a new society where there is autonomy in the systems of education, health, commerce and justice (Vogt, 1969). b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Good Government The autonomous governing body of the Zapatistas is recognized as the ‘Good Government Council’ (JBG by its Spanish acronym) which represents each of the five regions of the Zapatista territory (EZLN, 1993).   It is a sort of revolving independent government that serves as a local justice system, a body to represent interaction with other regions and projects outside the district, a provider of financial and moral accountability for the allocation of funds and the management of communal projects, and a delegated body to fulfill the mandate of the community assemblies they have selected and accounted to (Harvey, 1998). Each zone governs its own and manages them in accordance to the preferences of their region. Moreover, community members take turns in governing with each community member managing over the funds from collections for projects and labor(Vogt, 1969). The justice system is one of the most interesting facets of having an autonomous government. With this, the i ssues, conflicts and crimes are debated and reconciled among the members of the region and forms of punishment will also be determined by them. Issues on land disputes such as defending the lands restored from the 1994 uprising were also one of the concerns of the JBG justice system (Harvey, 1998). c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Education The trained inhabitants that are working in the education and health systems are addressed as ‘promoters’ preferably than teachers or medics to establish a good relationship with the people they teach and take care of (Harvey, 1998). According to them they empathize with the patient’s pain and they as well learn with their students not the other way alone as they become their partners in the process of learning positioning each person in the same level of authority (Harvey, 1998). Earlier existing schools that were maintained over by the teachers from the SEP (Secretary of Public Education) had become rude, unresponsive and biased among the indigenous children of the community who mostly do not speak Spanish (Harvey, 1998). The autonomous method that is being used at present is more appropriate that children are able to understand better the traditions and problems their own communities are experiencing making them aware of those (Herna ´ndez, 2001). Education for them must be treated not only as a collection of technical lessons to be memorized, but also as an integration of the experiences and learning life has made each individual live through. Thus most schools in the community spends half of their class in their rooms and the other half outside doing productive activities such as garden planting, various task or having interaction with the elders of the region (Herna ´ndez, 2001). d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health Systems of health care differ widely but possess same functions such as prevention of diseases or knowledge on curing and aiding oneself. Caring according to them not only borders on the prevention and the awareness on how to cure illnesses but also it is about knowing how to have concern on the thing around us like nature per se (EZLN, 1993). This realization of such makes us not only physically well but ethically well also making every citizen know how nature produces a good-living environment for us and they in turn must learn to preserve them (Vogt, 1969). The clinics are built with a combination of laboratories patterned from Western technologies. They have certain conventional remedies for minor injuries and illnesses such as herbal medicines (Harvey, 1998). Training varies from every community depending on the resources they have. Proper vaccinating, blood analysis, basic health inspections, performing minor surgeries are only some of the methods being taught to specific groups. There is also an ophthalmology center where they treat myopia, conjunctivitis and produce eyeglass lenses (Vogt, 1969). A special education on sex is also emphasized wherein midwives combine the traditional practice and modernized methods to give birth. With reference to the past services available patients have experience to be nursed but with disdain and prejudice (Herna ´ndez, 2001). Treatment are made without consultation, some babies have died of diarrhea and others of malnutrition and incurable diseases (Harvey, 1998). Because of the new approach instigated by the autonomous health systems they were able to decrease if not completely eliminate deaths among infants, properly diagnose and treat basic sickness, generate appropriate practice and awareness, and manage secured transport in crucial cases (EZLN, 1993). e)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Production There are various types of artisan collectives, garden projects, coffee cooperatives, bakeries, chicken coops and other projects which collectively provide resources that are self-sustained to minimize labor, production costs less dependence on market or intermediary cuts (Harvey, 1998). Jungle zone warehouse are one of its most distinguished project. These warehouses will greatly benefit its inhabitants by providing communities with enough storage space and accessible market centers wherein they could beat the ‘selling low and buying high’ market, avoiding drastically high transport costs that could diminish profit and also it will help them produce good-quality supplies and food for themselves (EZLN, 1993). This project had been so successful that they were able to use the earnings they have acquired to support other activities by the movement and export them to other places that likened to their own stability (Herna ´ndez, 2001). The systems practiced by these Zapatista communities are neither notional nor insignificant. It had made to impart real effects on the development of the region particularly to lives of the inhabitants (Harvey, 1998). As EZLN recently reported, starvation barely exists in the zones of the Zapatista territory, maternal and infant mortality have also dropped. Moreover, justice systems had been so powerful that even the non-Zapatista frequently opted to take their complaints on the JBG rather than bringing them to the official and municipal state courts (Herna ´ndez, 2001). Schools are open to all even the non-Zapatistas as well as clinics that will aide anyone regardless of associations. The formation, equipment, and preparing paramilitary troupes in the territory of the Zapatista, Mexican armies’ militarization of the Chiapas, inclusion and division by political parties and coalition forces, initiation of programs that directly overthrow people by struggle or force them to give their land has constantly weakened them over the past 14 years in which they were coerced to be divided into organizations and eliminate their leaders (Herna ´ndez, 2001). But despite all of this, the Zapatistas have never gone back to the dump of open combat, nor have they shriveled into fright or defenselessness in opposition to the assaults and weights of poverty (Vogt, 1969). They have and still persistently, gradually and progressively build autonomy, providing themselves voices and seeking out that of others whom they know are committed with their task of creating a new world. They have learned from their bitter experiences from the past and will now stand from the ground with head up full of dignity (Harvey, 1998). IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Argument/ Analysis The Zapatista movement throughout the decades has proven how potent and competent they are in terms of self-sufficiency in their community in Chiapas. And I personally believe that the state government must allow the amends that they are trying to put forward because they are indeed deserving of such compensation. Support from the state government is needed by them because they have to go a long way more to achieve the fruits of what they have labored for many years now. Furthermore, the Zapatistas has impressively established and managed their autonomous indigenous communities and it is constantly operating well despite the absence of change in the Mexican political arena. Zapatista insurrection moreover has become a key motivation and inspiration from people around the world. We cannot immediately tell whether they had failed or succeed the quest, because they are merely starting to arrive on the peak of their movement’s victory. And sooner maybe, if the needs of this indigenous people have not still been met, they might not be able to carry on and totally drift into the shadows. V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion Evidently, the Zapatistas has indeed made its way among all the other movements different nations had produced. The EZLN has failed in some ways but are succeeding and yet to succeed in several fashions. Indeed, the Zapatistas have established themselves, from a community of none to a community of united individuals bounded as one, building an entire autonomous society with their own government, rules, way of life that will show the state government how capable they are to gain their full power of independence.